Variant products (different sizes/colors of the same item) require an identical item_group_id value across all variants. Missing it triggers a feed-level disapproval.
TikTok Shop / TikTok Catalog Manager uses identifiers (GTIN, MPN, brand, SKU) to match catalog records. Issues come from invalid format (non-numeric in a GTIN field), brand-GTIN mismatches in GS1's database, duplicate IDs across SKUs, or missing required identifiers for the category.